/* Standalone research pages. Intentionally independent of the personal-site theme. */
:root{--ink:#222b2c;--muted:#666d69;--paper:#f8f9f2;--rule:#c7ccc4;--accent:#a35636;--tag:#eeefe5;--page-width:1420px;font-family:Arial,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;font-synthesis:none}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:28px}
body{margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
button,input{font:inherit}
button{color:inherit;cursor:pointer}
button:disabled{cursor:default}
button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
img,svg{display:block;max-width:100%}
button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}
[hidden]{display:none!important}
.container{width:min(100% - 84px,var(--page-width));margin-inline:auto}
.skip-link{position:absolute;z-index:20;top:8px;left:12px;padding:10px 16px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;transform:translateY(-160%)}
.skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}
.announcement{background:var(--ink);color:#f6f6ed;min-height:32px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:16px;padding:6px 20px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.02em;text-align:center}
.announcement a{border-bottom:1px solid #c0c6bf;line-height:1.25}
.graph-paper{background-color:var(--paper);background-image:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(94,111,87,.045) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(94,111,87,.045) 1px,transparent 1px),radial-gradient(circle,rgba(94,111,87,.12) .6px,transparent .8px);background-size:25px 25px,25px 25px,5px 5px}
.site-header{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(77,89,77,.09)}
.header-inner{min-height:90px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px;position:relative}
.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;flex-shrink:0;white-space:nowrap}
.brand-mark{width:32px;height:40px;flex-shrink:0}
.brand-name{font-size:19px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;line-height:1.2}
.brand-caption{font-family:"Courier New",monospace;display:block;margin-top:5px;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.15em;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}
.site-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;margin-left:auto;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}
.site-nav>a{padding-block:10px;white-space:nowrap}
.site-nav>a:hover,.site-nav>a[aria-current="page"]{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.header-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin-left:auto}
.language-switch{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap}
.language-switch a{padding-block:8px;color:var(--muted)}
.language-switch a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.language-switch .divider{width:1px;height:12px;background:var(--rule)}
.button-dark{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:12px;background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:10px;color:#fff;padding:12px 20px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;transition:background .18s}
.button-dark:hover{background:#424e49}
.menu-toggle{display:none;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:transparent;border-radius:6px;padding:7px 10px;font-size:13px}
.hero-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:290px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:65px;min-height:385px;padding-block:45px 56px}
.hero-art{width:260px;height:auto;margin-inline:auto}
.hero-copy{padding-top:25px;max-width:900px}
.eyebrow{font-family:"Courier New",monospace;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.hero h1{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman","Songti SC","SimSun",serif;font-size:64px;line-height:1.07;letter-spacing:-.035em;font-weight:400;margin:15px 0 18px}
.hero-description{font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.025em;max-width:800px;margin:0;color:#666c66;text-wrap:pretty}
.research-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:290px minmax(0,1fr);gap:65px;padding-block:115px 110px;align-items:start}
.filters{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:12px;position:sticky;top:28px}
.filter-heading{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 24px}
.filter-buttons{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px}
.filter-button{background:transparent;border:1px solid #bfc5bc;border-radius:999px;padding:7px 18px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3;text-align:left;transition:background .15s,border-color .15s}
.filter-button:hover{background:var(--paper)}
.filter-button[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-color:var(--ink)}
.filter-count{margin:24px 0 0;font-family:"Courier New",monospace;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}
.sidebar-links{margin-top:40px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid #e7e9e3;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.sidebar-links a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.research-list{min-width:0}
.research-row{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:18px 0 28px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 280px;gap:40px;align-items:center;scroll-margin-top:30px}
.research-row+.research-row{padding-top:22px}
.research-row:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.category-tag{display:inline-block;font-family:"Courier New",monospace;font-size:10px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:.015em;background:var(--tag);padding:5px 14px;border-radius:99px;color:#60665b}
.research-row h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.19;letter-spacing:-.035em;font-weight:600;margin:17px 0 12px;text-wrap:pretty}
.research-row h2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.paper-meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;margin:0}
.paper-authors{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}
.paper-authors .author-name{white-space:nowrap}
.author-name{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
.reading-time{white-space:nowrap}
.paper-date{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:12px}
.paper-introduction-link{color:#43563b}
.paper-meta .separator{padding-inline:6px}
.paper-summary{font-size:15px;line-height:1.55;color:#666d69;margin:12px 0 0;max-width:640px}
.paper-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:15px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}
.paper-links a{padding-block:3px;border-bottom:1px solid #9ba59b}
.paper-links a:hover{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent)}
.paper-topic{font-size:10px;color:#858a80;margin-left:10px}
.paper-image{background:#eeeade;min-width:0;overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;aspect-ratio:1.5;padding:0;border:1px solid #e6e6dc}
.paper-image img{object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:none;transition:transform .4s ease}
.paper-image:hover img{transform:scale(1.03)}
.empty-state{padding-block:50px;color:var(--muted)}
.contact{border-top:1px solid rgba(77,89,77,.13);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(77,89,77,.13)}
.contact-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:290px minmax(0,1fr);gap:65px;padding-block:80px 88px;align-items:center}
.contact-illustration{width:190px;height:auto;margin-inline:auto;opacity:.8}
.contact h2{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman","Songti SC","SimSun",serif;font-size:48px;line-height:1.12;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:12px 0 20px;max-width:730px;text-wrap:balance}
.contact p{color:var(--muted);font-size:18px;max-width:670px;margin:0 0 26px;line-height:1.6}
.contact-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px}
.email-link{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.site-footer{padding-block:42px 25px}
.footer-main{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:35px;align-items:flex-start}
.footer-nav{display:flex;gap:30px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:14px}
.footer-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.footer-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:45px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid #eaede5;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}
.footer-bottom p{margin:0}
:lang(zh) .hero h1{letter-spacing:.015em;font-size:60px}
:lang(zh) .hero-description{font-size:23px;line-height:1.55;letter-spacing:0;max-width:760px}
:lang(zh) .research-row h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:0}
:lang(zh) .paper-summary{line-height:1.8;font-size:14px}
:lang(zh) .category-tag{letter-spacing:.05em}
:lang(zh) .contact h2{font-size:42px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:0}
@media(min-width:1600px){.research-layout,.hero-inner,.contact-inner{grid-template-columns:310px minmax(0,1fr);gap:80px}.research-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 320px;gap:50px}}
@media(max-width:1150px){.header-inner{gap:22px}.site-nav{gap:18px}.header-actions{gap:18px}.header-actions>.button-dark{display:none}.research-layout,.hero-inner,.contact-inner{grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px}.hero-art{width:220px}.research-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 220px;gap:26px}.research-row h2{font-size:25px}.hero-description{font-size:23px}}
@media(max-width:900px){.container{width:calc(100% - 48px)}.header-inner{min-height:80px;flex-wrap:wrap}.brand-name{font-size:17px}.brand-caption{font-size:8px}.menu-toggle{display:block}.site-nav{order:3;width:100%;justify-content:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding-bottom:18px}.js .site-nav{display:none}.js .site-nav.is-open{display:flex}.header-actions{margin-left:auto}.hero-inner{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;min-height:335px}.hero-art{width:180px}.hero h1{font-size:56px}.hero-description{font-size:21px}.research-layout{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;padding-top:75px}.research-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.paper-image{max-width:100%;aspect-ratio:2.1;grid-row:auto}.paper-image img{max-height:200px}.contact-inner{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}.contact h2{font-size:40px}}
@media(max-width:620px){.container{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.announcement{font-size:10px;gap:8px;padding:7px 12px}.announcement-label{display:none}.header-inner{min-height:76px;gap:12px}.brand{gap:9px}.brand-mark{width:25px;height:34px}.brand-name{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.1em}.brand-caption{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.1em}.header-actions{gap:14px}.language-switch{font-size:12px;gap:7px}.menu-toggle{font-size:11px;padding:6px 8px}.site-nav{font-size:13px;gap:22px}.hero-inner{min-height:auto;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0;padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:42px;position:relative}.hero-art{width:130px;margin:0 0 -4px 0;opacity:.9}.hero-copy{padding-top:10px}.eyebrow{font-size:9px}.hero h1{font-size:52px;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:16px;letter-spacing:-.03em}.hero-description{font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.02em}.research-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;padding-top:46px;padding-bottom:55px}.filters{position:static;padding-top:10px}.filter-heading{margin-bottom:16px;font-size:13px}.filter-buttons{flex-direction:row;gap:7px}.filter-button{font-size:11px;padding:7px 11px}.filter-count{margin-top:16px}.sidebar-links{display:none}.research-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:17px;padding-bottom:26px;gap:20px}.research-row h2{font-size:25px;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-top:14px}.paper-meta{font-size:12px}.paper-summary{font-size:14px}.category-tag{font-size:9px;padding:4px 12px}.paper-image{aspect-ratio:1.8;padding:14px}.paper-links{font-size:12px;margin-top:12px}.contact-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px;padding-top:44px;padding-bottom:48px}.contact-illustration{width:95px;margin-inline:0}.contact h2{font-size:36px;margin-top:10px}.contact p{font-size:16px}.contact-actions{gap:16px}.button-dark{font-size:13px;padding:11px 16px}.site-footer{padding-top:30px}.footer-main{flex-direction:column;gap:26px}.footer-nav{gap:22px;font-size:12px}.footer-bottom{flex-direction:column;gap:8px;margin-top:28px;font-size:10px}:lang(zh) .hero h1{font-size:46px}:lang(zh) .hero-description{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65}:lang(zh) .research-row h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.5}:lang(zh) .contact h2{font-size:31px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
/* Concept covers keep the same clean crop at every viewport. */
.paper-image{padding:0}.paper-image img{max-height:none}